Translation and preliminary validation of the english version of the DUX questionnaire for lower extremity bone tumor patients (Bt‐DUX): A disease‐specific measure for quality of life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To translate the Dutch DUX questionnaire for lower extremity bone tumor patients (Bt-DUX), a disease-specific quality of life (QoL) instrument, into the English (UK) language and preliminary validate the English version in patients who were treated for lower-extremity bone tumors. METHODS: Adaptation and translation process included forward translation, back-translation, and a review of the back-translation by an expert committee. Internal consistency and validity of the translated questionnaire were examined in a sample of adolescents treated for lower extremity osteosarcoma in the United Kingdom. Assessments included the Bt-DUX, the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), the Short Form (SF)-36, and the TNO-AZL Questionnaire for Adult's Quality of Life (TAAQOL). RESULTS: Seventeen patients (7 ♂ and 10 ♀), median age 19.9 (range: 16-25) years completed the questionnaires. Mean Bt-DUX score was 38.8 (range: 23-78), with Cronbach's α being 0.95 domain-total correlations ranged between 0.84 and 0.93 (P < 0.01). Spearman's correlation coefficients between the Bt-DUX total and domain scores and corresponding TAAQOL and SF-36 scores were overall moderate to good and reaching statistical significance in a most cases. CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence suggests that the English Bt-DUX translation is a valid disease-specific instrument for evaluating QoL of adolescents with lower extremity bone cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".