Effect of galls induced by<i>Endocronartium harknessii</i>on stem hydraulic conductivity and growth of lodgepole pine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary To test the hypothesis that galls resulting from infection by western gall rust [ Endocronartium harknessii (J. P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka] on lodgepole pine [ Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.] create hydraulic constrictions that reduce tree growth, the hydraulic conductivity ( K ψ ; m 2 s −1 Pa −1 ), leaf area ( A L ) and sapwood area ( A S ) were measured on 6‐ to 15‐year‐old trees having galls encircling 0–100% of the stem. Increases in gall encirclement were accompanied by decreases in K ψ , foliar nitrogen concentration, A L and A S , although the A L : A S ratio remained constant. Dye flow patterns through galled stem sections indicated that water moved primarily through the non‐galled portions of the stem. In a second field study, xylem and phloem wounds were applied to 13‐year‐old galled and non‐galled trees on either the galled or non‐galled side of the tree. Although both galls and xylem wounds reduced K ψ , radial and height growth were unaffected. In aggregate the two experiments showed that although trees are quite tolerant to small galls and short term reductions in K ψ , the disruption of water movement by larger galls may be sufficient to initiate a chain of events leading to tree death, especially in very dense stands with high levels of intraspecific competition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".