Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 to Assess Suicide Risk in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which inquires about both passive thoughts of death and active ideas of self-harm, has been used to assess suicide risk in arthritis. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the proportion of systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) patients who responded "yes" to item 9 who endorsed active suicidal ideation in response to more direct questions during a structured clinical interview, and 2) to report whether the PHQ-8, which does not include item 9 from the PHQ-9, performs similarly to the PHQ-9. METHODS: Patients were recruited from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group Registry. The PHQ-9 and Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) depression module were administered during a phone interview. Scores on the PHQ-8 were calculated by removing item 9 from the PHQ-9. Item 9 responses were compared to suicidal ideation and intent in the last year based on the CIDI. Scores on the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 were compared using Pearson's correlations. RESULTS: There were 345 patients interviewed, of whom 31 (9.0%) endorsed item 9 of the PHQ-9. Of those, based on the CIDI, 14 (45.2%) had passive thoughts of suicide or death. Only 1 patient (3.2%) had thoughts about suicide in some detail at any point in the last 12 months. The correlation between PHQ-9 and PHQ-8 scores was 0.998. CONCLUSION: Item 9 appears to identify many patients who do not report active suicidal ideation. The PHQ-8 may be a better option for assessment of depressive symptoms than the PHQ-9 in patients with SSc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".