Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are four pronouns of the third person in the language during the Spring and Autumn Period: “Jue”, “Qi”, “Zhi” and “Zhan”, among which “Qi” and “Zhi” are more common used. “Jue” is only used as attribute; “Qi” is usually used as attribute, but sometimes as subject and compatible word; “Zhi” is always used as object. “Jue” can designate two kinds of things: the god of people and the nation, while “Qi” and “Zhi” can designate six kinds of things: the god of people, the nation, animals, concrete materials, abstract things, places. But “Qi” is most common used to designate the god of people, and “zhi” concrete materials. There is no limitation of numbers for the object these three pronouns designate. They can designate a singular number or a plural number. “Jue”and “Qi” are only used to designate the third person. But “Zhi” can designate the first person and the second person sometimes, although it is mainly used to designate the third person. “Jue”, “Qi” and “Zhi” can all be used to designate the proprietor when quoting his remarks indirectly in Jin language (“Zhi” is seldom used this way), in which context they are still pronouns of the third person instead of the first person. There are differences among “Jue”, “Qi” and “Zhi”. Key words: Spring and Autumn Period; pronoun of the third person; Jue; Qi; Zhi Resume: Il existe quatre pronoms de troixieme personne dans le langage de la periode des printemps et des automnes. Ils sont JUE , QI , ZHI, ZHAN, parmi lesquels QI et ZHI sont utilises le plus souvent. JUE est employe uniquement comme attribut, QI comme attrbut la plupart du temps et comme sujet et sujet-objet parfois et ZHI comme complement d’objet. JUE peut designer deux sortes de choses : les divins et les humains, ainsi que l’Etat. QI et ZHI peuvent en designer six : les divins et les humains, l’Etat, les animaux, les objets concrets, les objet abstraits et les lieux. Pourtant, QI est generalement utilise pour designer les divins et les humains, et ZHI pour les objets concrets. JUE, QI et ZHI peuvent designer a la fois les objets au nombre singulier et au nombre pluriel. Il n’y a pas de contrainte. JUE et QI sont uniquement employes en tant que pronoms de troisieme personne, par contre ZHI peut etre utilise comme pronom de troisieme personne dans la plupart des cas et comme pronom de permiere et deuxieme personne quelquefois. Dans l’inscription sur bronze, JUE, QI et ZHI peuvent designer le proprietaire de l’objet dans le discours indirect (mais c’est un cas rare pour ZHI). Dans ce cas-la, ils restent les pronoms de troixieme personne et ne peuvent pas etre utilises comme pronoms de premiere personne. Il existe des differences entre JUE, QI et ZHI. Mots-cles: la periode des printemps et des automnes ; les pronoms de troixieme personne ; JUE ; QI ; ZHI 摘 要：春秋時代語料中的第三人稱代詞有四個，即“厥”、“其”、“之”、“旃”，常見的是“其”和“之”。“厥”只作定 語，“其”常用來作定語，偶爾作主語和兼語，“之”都作賓語。“厥”的所指有兩類，一是人神，一是國家。“其”和“之” 的所指都有六類，即人神、國家、動物、具體事物、抽象事物、處所。但“其”最常見的用法是指人神，而“之”最常 見的用法是指具體事物。“厥”、“其”、“之”在稱數方面都沒有限制，都是既可指單數，也可以表示複數。“厥”和“其” 都只有本用，即表第三人稱；而“之”最常見的是本用，偶爾活用為第一人稱，也活用為第二人稱。金文中“厥”、“其”、 “之”都可用在間接引述器主的話中指代器主（但這種用法的“之”很少見），這時它們仍是第三人稱代詞，不活用為 第一人稱。“厥”、“其”、“之”三者是有區別的。 關鍵字: 春秋； 第三人稱代詞； 厥； 其； 之
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".