Prevalence and Correlates of Cervico-Vaginal Clinical Syndromes Among Women Attending a Health Camp in Lalitpur District of Nepal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexual and reproductive health of women is a major public health problem in Nepal. Screening of cervico-vaginal clinical syndromes could potentially provide insights to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which is not known. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with cervico-vaginal clinical syndromes in the socio-behavioral, medical, and public health context of Nepal. METHODS: Married women attending a clinical health camp held by the Nepal Fertility Care Centerin Khokana of Lalitpur district were recruited to the study. Seventy-three participants completed face-to-face questionnaires on basic socio-demographic, behavioral and reproductive health factors and underwent pelvic screening including clinical diagnosis of cervicitis and vaginitis. An univariate analysis was performed to determine if any of the self-reported variables were associated with abnormal pelvic examination (cervicitis and/or vaginitis). RESULTS: Vaginitis was diagnosed in three (4.4%) participants, while cervicitis was detected in 16 (23.5%) women. None of the participants reported any high risk sexual behavior. However, 28% of the participants reported having had STI diagnosis in the past and was associated (P<0.008) with abnormal pelvic results. Additionally, women with lower education were associated (p<0.02) with abnormal pelvic results. CONCLUSIONS: The high occurrence of cervicitis in our exploratory could indicate the high prevalence of STIs. However, while there could potentially be an unknown epidemic of STIs related to the clinical syndromes, point of care testing practice might help to understand the true prevalence of STIs in Nepali women and also reduce the health burden and consequences of over treatment based on the current symptomatic diagnosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".