Mechanism of Al-Wa’Ad (Promise): Teory and Application in Islamic Banking in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Contract according to Syariah Law can be defined as being “an expression of the matching between a positive proposal made by one of the contractors and the acceptance of the other contractor in a way which has an impact on the subject of the contract” . There are standard requirements provides by the law in order to constitute a valid binding contract namely offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relation. This requirement is more or less the same with the Islamic ‘aqad’ however it comes together with the package the prohibition of any element of uncertainty, interest, etc to make sure it complies with the syariah standard. Most of the conventional contract has ignored few aspects of the Islamic contract such as non-spot in the exchange of ribawi item, unjustified increase of premium, and conditional aqad which are totally prohibited. Therefore Islamic Banking in Malaysia has put strong effort to curb these problems and provides a way out by introducing many syariah compliance products and concepts and one of them is al- wa’ad which is the main concern on this article. As a result, by doing this research, it can help people to discover how far the concept of al-wa’ad had been applied in Islamic Banking in Malaysia by comparing its application among few banks including Islamic Bank as well as conventional banks with Islamic Banking window. Key words: Al-Wa’ad (promise); Islamic Banking; Teory and application; Islamic transaction Resume: Contrat selon la syariah peut etre definie comme etant «une expression de l'adequation entre une proposition positive faite par l'un des contractants et l'acceptation de l'autre contractant d'une maniere qui a une incidence sur l'objet du contrat». Il ya des exigences standard fournit par la loi afin de constituer un contrat valable a savoir offre, l'acceptation, la consideration, et l'intention de creer des relations juridiques. Cette exigence est plus ou moins la meme chose avec l'Organisation islamique pour «AQAD 'quoi qu'il arrive avec le paquet de l'interdiction de tout element d'incertitude, interets, etc pour s'assurer qu'elle est conforme a la norme de la charia. La plupart du contrat conventionnel a ignore quelques aspects du contrat islamique comme la non-lieu dans l'echange de point ribawi, l'augmentation injustifiee de la prime, et AQAD conditionnel, qui sont totalement interdites. Par consequent, les banques islamiques en Malaisie a mis effort serieux pour mettre fin a ces problemes et fournit un moyen de sortir par l'introduction de nombreux produits de la charia et le respect des concepts et l'un d'eux est Al-Wa'ad qui est la principale preoccupation de cet article. En consequence, en effectuant cette recherche, il peut aider les gens a decouvrir dans quelle mesure la notion d'al-Wa'ad avait ete appliquee dans les banques islamiques en Malaisie, en comparant son application entre quelques banques dont la Banque islamique ainsi que les banques classiques. Mots-Cles: AL-Wa'ad (promesse); baques islamiques, theorie et applications, transaction islamique
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".