Color Terms in Persian and English Metaphoric Expressions: Al-Hasnawi’s Cognitive Schemes in Focus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Metaphorical language is an indispensable part of human life, involving language, thought and action. Metaphors are used to express abstract concepts in terms of concrete entities. As a subclass of metaphoric expressions, colorbased metaphors are culture specific so much so that they are, at times, difficult to understand by non-native speakers. The current comparative study is focused on metaphoric expressions of English and Persian within Al- Hasnawi’s (2007) model. The present study goes above and beyond simple metaphoric expressions of color by focusing on idioms, similes, metonymies and proverbs as long as they include at least one color term. Thus, the aims of the current study are twofold (i) to identify the extent of the diversity of the cognitive mapping between English and Persian speakers as long as color terms are concerned; (ii) to scrutinize their cognitive equivalency in translation. To do so, English examples were collected from Phillip (2006) and Allen (2008). Next, the Persian ones were searched from dictionaries in Persian. The findings of this comparative analysis show that, although there is some similarity in cognitive mapping between English and Persian, the majority of metaphorical expressions are culture-bound. Such expressions are orientated toward different mapping conditions. Considering cognitive equivalency, the results indicate that there is only a relative equivalency between English and Persian. Key words: Metaphorical expression; Cognitive schema; Translation; Culture Resume Le langage metaphorique est un element indispensable de la vie humaine, impliquant la langue, la pensee et l'action. Les metaphores sont utilisees pour exprimer des concepts abstraits en termes d'entites concretes. En tant que sousclasse des expressions metaphoriques, basee sur la couleur sont des metaphores de la culture specifiques a tel point qu'ils sont, a certains moments, difficile a comprendre par les locuteurs non natifs. L'etude comparative actuelle se concentre sur les expressions metaphoriques de l'anglais et le persan au sein d'Al-Hasnawi (2007) de modele. La presente etude va au-dela des expressions metaphoriques simples de couleur en se concentrant sur les idiomes, comparaisons, metonymies et des proverbes aussi longtemps qu'ils comprennent au moins un terme de couleur. Ainsi, les objectifs de l'etude actuelle sont de deux ordres: (i) d'identifier l'etendue de la diversite de la cartographie cognitive entre l'anglais et persanophones tant que termes de couleurs sont concernees, (ii) d'examiner leur equivalence cognitive dans la traduction. Pour ce faire, des exemples en anglais ont ete recueillies de Phillip (2006) et Allen (2008). Ensuite, les Perses ont ete recherchees a partir de dictionnaires en langue persane. Les resultats de cette analyse montrent que les comparatifs, bien qu'il y ait une certaine similitude dans la cartographie cognitive entre l'anglais et le persan, la majorite des expressions metaphoriques sont lies a la culture. De telles expressions sont orientees vers des conditions de mapping. Considerant l'equivalence cognitive, les resultats indiquent qu'il ya seulement une equivalence relative entre l'anglais et le persan. Mots-cles: Expression metaphorique; Schemas cognitifs; Traduction; Culture
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".