Normal faulting along the southern margin of the Puna Plateau, northwest Argentina
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Though orogen‐parallel shortening and vertical extension have dominated the tectonic evolution of the central Andes, a significant kinematic shift from horizontal contraction to extension appears to have occurred within the high Puna‐Altiplano Plateau, with the establishment of extension oblique to the orogen since late Miocene time. We present data from the southern margin of the Puna Plateau, NW Argentina, where new normal faults have been documented in the Fiambalá, Punta Negra, and La Quebrada areas. The unifying characteristics of these areas are that young normal faults reactivate or crosscut older thrust and reverse faults. The relationship between the faults and the late Miocene–Pliocene Punaschotter conglomerate suggests that the extensional faulting must be younger than 3.5 to 7 Ma. Existing data are incomplete but indicate that similar horizontal extension has occurred in many regions throughout the Puna‐Altiplano Plateau, while shortening continues along the plateau margins. Given the spatial and temporal distribution of this late Miocene to Pliocene kinematic shift, both lithospheric loss in the Puna Plateau and plateau‐wide gravitational extensional spreading enhanced by slowing of plate convergence rate could be responsible. The young, disorganized, horizontal extension in the Andes today may be the precursor to more pronounced extension such as observed on the Tibetan Plateau since mid‐Miocene time.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it