Preventing uranium hydride formation in standard uranium samples for determination of<sup>239</sup>Pu by ICP-MS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UH+ interference poses considerable difficulties for the determination of 239Pu in samples with high uranium content. A new approach for reducing this interference was developed. Substitution of water with heavy water (D2O) as a solvent in uranium standard solution eliminated the major source of UH+ ions and reduced the UH+/U+ ratio from a typical value of 1.33 × 10−5 to a very low value of 2.60 × 10−7. The method allows the determination of low levels of 239Pu in samples containing 106 fold excess of uranium. The detection limit for 239Pu in a sample containing 10 ppm of uranium was determined as 0.58 ± 0.03 ppt. A kinetic isotope effect of ca. 1.4 was observed for the reaction of U+ with hydrogen (H) compared with the reaction with deuterium (D). The magnitude of this effect is in agreement with the value calculated based on the collision theory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".