Representations of Multicultural Dance in Photographic Images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores the tensions embedded in the photographic images of multicultural dance in the city of Thunder Bay (Ontario, Canada) in the 1980s. Informed by Nicholas Mirzoeff’s (2002) work on the transversal glance, we showcase the interrelationships between conflicting notions of ethnicity, gender, and race within the locally constituted discourse of multiculturalism. We explore these themes through an analysis of the compositional framing and subject matter of “ethnic,” “folk,” and “national” dance photographs appearing in Northern Mosaic, a free, widely available, and local multicultural magazine. Multicultural dance has long been a staple of Thunder Bay’s cultural make-up, although it is often ignored in scholarly studies that represent the small, northwestern Ontario city as a predominantly white, working-class, masculine space (Sullivan 2009; Dunk 1994). In our work on the photographic representation of multicultural dance in the city, we trace the intersections between dance and its associations with identity constructs (namely, race, class, gender, nationality, and culture), and, in turn, with federal and local discourses of multiculturalism. Focusing on the subject matter and compositional elements of dance photographs, we tease out some of the unexpected meanings that surround multiculturalism (see Mirzoeff 2002). We critically look at such photographs, especially the ones that appear in Northern Mosaic, a local tabloid/newspaper published from 1975–1997 by the Thunder Bay Multicultural Association (TBMA), an organization started up by a group of local university students in 1972 in response to Canada’s 1971 policy of multiculturalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".