Nineteenth Century Images of Englishness: Spanish Translators and the Will to Change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article sets out to demonstrate that the various institutional discourses of the Spanish nineteenth century, related to the representation of an English image, differ essentially in the degree of influence that they receive from translations. More specifically, the monograph aims to identify and categorise the translations on the history of England that were published in Spain during the nineteenth century, according to the data extracted from the National Library of Madrid; assess the significance of these translations in proportion to the total amount of publications on the subject and analyse the influence they might have exerted on a corpus of authors and works of different ideologies that is twofold in nature: it includes history textbooks, officially used at various educational levels, as well as admission speeches at the Spanish Royal Academy of Language. In our opinion, the influence of the translations published in Spain is essentially reflected on the following two aspects: a) the deliberate reproduction of stereotypes launched by the English themselves in the Victorian Era, in line with a liberal idea of history and, b) the use of new narrative and historiographic techniques. In the most heterodox representations, England will be set up as a model of behaviour and an explicit preoccupation and comparison with Spain will be clearly revealed, while at the same time a critical stance toward the Catholic Church as an institution will be introduced. Key words: Englishness; Identity; Language; History and Ideology; Spanish Nineteenth Century
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".