Enhancing treatment and geotechnical stability of oil sands fine tailings using thermo‐sensitive poly(<i>n</i>‐isopropyl acrylamide)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A thermo‐sensitive polymer, poly( n ‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), was tested in the dewatering (settling, consolidation, and geotechnical stability of shear strength via vane testing) of oil sands fine tailings. The tested samples included <10 and <2 μm (“minus 10” and “minus 2”) size fractions of oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT), and hydrocyclone overflow of fresh oil sands tailings. The performance of PNIPAM was compared with a selected commercial flocculant, a 30 % anionic high molecular weight polyacrylamide (PAM). Test results showed that PNIPAM worked better than PAM in fine solids flocculation, supernatant clarity, sediment consolidation, and geotechnical properties. The superiority of PNIPAM was attributed to its unique features of structural changes with temperature and the combined actions of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction of PNIPAM with the fine solid particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".