Populations of uncultivated American cranberry in sphagnum bog communities harbor novel assemblages of Actinobacteria with antifungal properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is a perennial plant in northern latitudes that co-occurs with sphagnum mosses in uncultivated populations, in habitats characterized by high acidity, low nitrogen, and fungal pathogens that thrive in wet environments. We investigated the association of Actinobacteria with cranberry and co-inhabiting sphagnum moss and their antifungal properties, across several natural populations. Based on 16S-rRNA gene phylogeny, the majority of these species were in the genus Streptomyces. Neither site nor plant source explained the phylogenetic relationships of these isolates. Most sequences did not group with known Streptomyces sequences, indicating a potentially high diversity of novel strains from this environment. We observed antibiosis by some Actinobacteria isolates against the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum and a general antagonistic fungus, Trichoderma sp. Individual isolates varied in antifungal ability within and between fungi. Variation in bacterial antifungal properties was not explained by plant species or site, but was partially related to phylogenetic relationship. These results document novel associations between cranberry and sphagnum moss with Actinobacteria, including strains capable of inhibiting fungi. These results suggest candidates for development as biological control agents in agriculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".