Spatial Variation of Steryl Glucosides in Cycas micronesica Plants: Within- and Among-plant Sampling Procedures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS–PDC) of the Western Pacific has been linked to the consumption of washed Cycas micronesica seed tissue. The search for a causal toxin in the seed tissue has generated decades of research, yet none of the published reports include an adequate description of sampling methods. We set out to design and conduct a study to serve as a model for future research. We used three populations of plants with similar recent plant life history, size, shade, seed load, and co-occurring species to determine intra- and interplant variation of four steryl glucoside variants. Variation was greatest among tissue types within seeds, intermediate among plants, and least among locations within plants. Results demonstrate the need of adhering to appropriate sampling protocols in cycad biochemistry research. Uses of appropriate sampling scheme and sample size are clearly required to avoid artifacts as this important area of research progresses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".