Distribution of microamounts of some M<sup>2+</sup> ions during ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O crystallization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Distribution coefficients (D) of trace amounts of Ni2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+ have been determined during crystallization of ZnSO4·7H2O. Their dependencies on the ionic radii of M2+ ions, solubilities and structures of the corresponding sulfates as well as their abilities to form solid solutions with ZnSO4·7H2O have been analyzed. The D values are in the range <0.006 (DCa) - 1.61 (DNi) and depend mainly on similarity of the structures of the corresponding sulfates and the ability of MSO4·nH2O to form solid solutions with ZnSO4·7H2O. The order of lowering some of the determined distribution coefficients (DNi > DMg > DCo > DFe > Dcu) exactly agrees with increase of the deformation trend of octahedral coordination of corresponding ions resulting from their electronic configuration. The D coefficients do not depend on similarity of size of ionic radii of microcomponent (rM2+) to macrocomponent (rZn2+), however for ions forming monoclinic sulfate hydrates at 20°C (Co2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Ca2+) this dependence of distribution coefficients on rM2+ is linear in a plot of log D against ionic radius. The effect of solubilities of corresponding sulfates in water on the D coefficients is complex and clouded by crystal-chemical factors.Key words: crystallization, zinc(II) sulfate heptahydrate, cocrystallization, distribution coefficients D (Henderson-Kracek, Khlopin), distribution of trace impurities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".