Generating modernism and New Criticism from antisemitism: Laura Riding and Robert Graves read T. S. Eliot's early poetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between modernism and antisemitism – both in terms of the attitudes of individual writers and in terms of the ideology of the aesthetic itself – has long been a question in modernist studies, a question increasingly discussed with reference to T. S. Eliot's early works. Contemporary debate about Eliot foregrounds the poem ‘Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein with a Cigar’. In a poem about the decline of Venice, what does it mean that ‘The rats are underneath the piles. / The jew is underneath the lot’? Christopher Ricks, Anthony Julius, Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Vincent Sherry and Ronald Schuchard, among others, have all asked similar questions of ‘Burbank’. Is there antisemitism in the poem? If so, is the poem as a whole antisemitic? Whose antisemitism is it – Eliot's, Burbank's, an abstract narrator's? Is it being promoted, is it being undermined, is it simply being inspected? That critics should answer such questions in very different ways is not surprising. What is surprising, however, is that they should all have virtually ignored the first critical discussion of this question by Laura Riding and Robert Graves in A Survey of Modernist Poetry (1927).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".