The transformation of silicon species contained in used oils under industrially relevant alkali treatment conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND In the lube oil re‐refining industry silicon, coming mainly from antifoaming agents, is recognized to be a contaminant generating undesired solid deposits. The behavior of the hydrogen‐terminated model compound, tetramethyldisiloxane, under base‐catalyzed conditions was investigated at 100 °C in dodecane as the solvent with sodium siloxanolate as an alkali agent. RESULTS The use of sodium siloxanolates led to high reaction rates and selectivity to the liquid products. Experiments with an industrially relevant silicon‐containing substrate, namely silicone‐based antifoam agent showed that its transformation in the presence of 33 wt% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide resulted in 80% yield of solid sodium siloxanolates, whereas, when sodium siloxanolate was used as an initial alkali agent, no solid products were formed. CONCLUSIONS Experimental results demonstrated that under alkali treatment conditions silicon‐containing species existing in real industrial feedstock undergo transformation reactions, with formation of solid sodium siloxanolates. It was found that the use of sodium siloxanolate as an alkali agent could significantly increase the rate of polydimethylsiloxane depolymerization reaction and completely eliminate formation of the undesired solids under industrially relevant conditions. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".