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Record W1919750199 · doi:10.1111/caje.12455

Aid and growth: New evidence using an excludable instrument

2020· article· en· W1919750199 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Axel Dreher, Sarah Langlotz

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInternational Development and Aid
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFractionalizationExcludabilityEconomicsInvestment (military)Consumption (sociology)Sample (material)Instrumental variableEconometricsWelfare economicsMicroeconomicsPolitical sciencePublic goodLawSociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract . We use an excludable instrument to test the effect of bilateral foreign aid on economic growth in a sample of 97 recipient countries over the 1974–2013 period. Our instrument interacts donor government fractionalization with a recipient country's probability of receiving aid. The results show that fractionalization increases donors’ aid budgets, representing the variation over time of our instrument, while the probability of receiving aid introduces variation across recipient countries. Controlling for country‐ and period‐specific fixed effects that capture the levels of the interacted variables, the interaction provides a powerful and excludable instrument. Making use of the instrument, our results show a positive but insignificant effect of aid on growth. We also investigate the effect of aid on consumption, savings, investments and net exports and investigate heterogeneity according to the quality of economic policy, democracy and the Cold War period. We find that aid increases investment and consumption, while it decreases net exports. In no regression do we find that aid affects growth. However, the coefficients from the instrumental variables regressions are also not statistically different from the positive and significant OLS estimates. Résumé . Aide et croissance : nouveaux éléments de preuve grâce à un instrument exclusif . À l’aide d’un instrument exclusif, nous évaluons l’impact de l’aide étrangère bilatérale sur la croissance économique d’un échantillon de 97 pays bénéficiaires entre 1974 et 2013. Notre instrument met en interaction le fractionnement de l’aide apportée par les gouvernements contributeurs et la probabilité qu’un pays bénéficiaire puisse recevoir de l’aide extérieure. Les résultats suggèrent qu’en matière d’aide, le fractionnement entraîne une augmentation des budgets des pays contributeurs, constituant ainsi la variable dans le temps de notre instrument. La probabilité de recevoir de l’aide, quant à elle, introduit la variable parmi les pays bénéficiaires. Cette mise en interaction, tenant compte des effets fixes spécifiques au niveau des pays et des périodes, et reflétant le niveau des variables dépendantes, offre un outil puissant et exclusif. Grâce à cet instrument, nos résultats indiquent que l’aide extérieure exerce une relation positive mais négligeable sur la croissance. Dans cet article, nous étudions également l’effet de l’aide étrangère sur la consommation, l’épargne, l’investissement et les exportations nettes, ainsi que l’hétérogénéité à l’aune de la qualité des politiques économiques, du niveau démocratique et de la période de guerre froide. Nous constatons que l’aide étrangère permet d’augmenter l’investissement et la consommation, mais à tendance à diminuer les exportations nettes. Hors modèle de régression, nous constatons que l’aide extérieure exerce une incidence sur la croissance. Néanmoins, les coefficients issus des régressions à variables instrumentales ne sont pas statistiquement différents des estimations positives et significatives réalisées par la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaire.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.012
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.034
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.012
Threshold uncertainty score0.065

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0120.034
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0030.006
Science and technology studies0.0010.003
Scholarly communication0.0030.002
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.353
GPT teacher head0.241
Teacher spread0.113 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations124
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueCanadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économiqueSame topicInternational Development and AidFrench-language works237,207