Aspects of the epidemiology and control of powdery mildew ( <i>Oidium neolycopersici</i> ) on tomato in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The epidemiology and control of powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was studied in greenhouse, growth chamber, and field experiments at Harrow, Ontario. Greenhouse environmental conditions were more favourable for disease development, with higher disease progress rates than in the field. Symptoms were more severe on older, lower leaves where the air temperature was slightly lower and relative humidity higher than on young leaves at the top of the canopy. A temperature of 22°C with 16 or 24 h of leaf wetness was optimal for disease development in a growth chamber experiment. Early inoculation resulted in significantly greater final disease severity and area under the disease progress curve than later inoculations. Disease progress in greenhouse and growth chamber trials was best described by the Gompertz model, while the logistic model was best for disease progress in field studies and for sections of plants in greenhouse studies. No yield loss occurred in field studies. The best disease control was obtained with acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard®), trifloxystrobin (Flint®), JMS-Stylet Oil®, azoxystrobin (Quadris®) and sulphur applied as protectants. Some phytotoxicity occurred with Actigard in greenhouse studies. Serenade® (Bacillus subtilis) was less effective while Kaligreen, Sporodex® (Pseudozyma flocculosa), copper octanoate and fumed silica were ineffective. Quinoxyfen was phytotoxic at the rate applied. Several tobacco cultivars, jimsonweed, American and black nightshade were susceptible to infection by O. neolycopersici. Eggplant, hairy nightshade and bittersweet were less susceptible, while no visible symptoms developed on pepper, potato and tomato ‘Grace’, and only trace levels of sporulation occurred on cucumber.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".