The complex envelope (CE) FDTD method and its numerical properties
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complex envelope (CE) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been proposed for solving electromagnetic fields of limited frequency-bands. However, it has been formulated often in terms of wave equations. In addition, its numerical properties have not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, a full-wave CE-FDTD method is presented and its numerical stability and dispersion properties are analyzed. It is found that if the carrier frequency is sufficiently high or numerical cell sizes are adequately large, the time step is no longer bounded by the stability condition; otherwise the time step is constrained by a CFL like stability condition. However, through the numerical dispersion analysis, the errors caused by large time step are not acceptable. Thus the CE-FDTD does not present much gain in computation efficiency over the conventional FDTD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it