Sex-dependent differences in rat hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity in response to diet-induced obesity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ectopic deposition of lipids in liver and other extrahepatic tissues alters their function and occurs once adipose tissue fat storage capacity is exceeded. We investigated sexual dimorphism in the effects of dietary obesity on the liver insulin signaling pathway, as well as its connection to differences in hepatic fat accumulation. Ten-week-old Wistar rats of both sexes were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 26 weeks. Insulin, adipokine levels, and glucose tolerance were measured. Lipid content, PPARα mRNA expression and protein levels of insulin receptor subunit β (IRβ), IR substrate 2 (IRS-2), Ser/Thr kinase A (Akt), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4) were measured in liver. In control rats, serum parameters and hepatic levels of IRβ, IRS-2, and Akt proteins pointed to a profile of better insulin sensitivity in females. In response to dietary treatment, female rats exhibited a greater increase in body mass and adiposity and lower liver fat accumulation than males, but maintained better glucose tolerance. The reduced insulin signaling capacity in the liver of obese female rats seems to prevent lipid accumulation and probably lipotoxicity-associated hepatic disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".