63 INTERFERON-TAU EXPRESSION FROM PRIMARY TROPHECTODERM OUTGROWTHS OF BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN IVP, NT, AND PARTHENOGENIC EMBRYOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is expressed soon after bovine blastocyst formation and might be useful as a marker of appropriate biological function in embryos produced by nuclear transfer. To assess this possibility we have compared IFN-tau levels in the conditioned medium of primary trophectoderm cultures derived from IVP, nuclear transfer (NT), or parthenogenic bovine embryos. Embryos were produced from in vitro-matured cumulus-oocyte complexes processed from local slaughterhouse ovaries or obtained from Bomed, Inc. (Madison, WI, USA). In vitro fertilization, NT, and parthenogensis were as previously described (Talbot et al., 2000 Tissue and Cell, 32, 9–27) except that embryo culture was in G1/G2 medium in 5% oxygen (Lane et al., 2003 Theriogenology, 60, 407–419). Each 8–11-day embryo was cultured individually in a 4-well plate well (Nunc) with STO feeder cells using DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum as previously described (Talbot et al., 2000 Biol. Reprod. 62, 235–247). Any contaminating epiblast or endoderm was physically dissected and discarded so as to produce pure trophectoderm outgrowths. The success/failure ratio for colony formation was similar for IVP and NT embryos (IVP = 155/29; NT = 104/25), but was significantly different (P < 0.05) for parthenogenic embryos (54/43). Trophectoderm colonies reached diameters of 1 to 1.5 cm in 3–4 wk, and, at this time, 72-h-conditioned cell culture medium was harvested, frozen, and measured for IFN-tau anti-viral activity as previously described (Talbot et al., 2000 Biol. Reprod. 62, 235–247). From 313 observations, IFN-tau production was analyzed as a two-factor mixed linear model. Differences in IFN-tau production by type of embryo were statistically significant (F = 42.61; P < 0.0001; df = 2). Mean comparisons were done with Sidak adjusted P-values so that the experiment-wise error was 0.05. IFN-tau production means for IVP-, NT-, and parthenogenic-derived trophectoderm were 4311 IU mL-1 (n = 155), 626 IU mL-1 (n = 104), and 1595 IU mL-1 (n = 54), respectively. The results show that mean IFN-tau production from trophectoderm cultures derived from NT embryos is significantly reduced in comparison to IVP- and parthenogenote-derived cultures. Parthenogenote-derived cultures also produced significantly less IFN-tau than IVP embryos on average. IFN-tau production from trophectoderm outgrowths may be a useful measure of NT reprogramming success.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".