Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on joint angle, pain, stiffness and physical fitness in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: Elderly women with osteoarthritis were offered aquatic exercise between October 2014 and December 2014. In experimental groups, patients were included in pre-determined exercise programs 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Eighteen participants were in the experimental group and 18 participants were in the control group. Joint angle and the Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ Osteoarthritis Index (pain, stiffness, physical function) were measured pre and post aquatic exercise. The study variables were analyzed using x2 test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test with the SPSS statistical package. Results: The experimental groups showed statistically significant decreases in left and right joint angle. However there were no differences in pain, stiffness and physical function. Conclusion: After aquatic exercise program, there was no improvement in subjective symptoms for pain however, the objective index of joint angle index showed improvements which supported the positive effects.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".