Evaluation of B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> as replacement for CaF <sub>2</sub> in CaO–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> based mould flux
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to develop low fluoride or fluoride free CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux for casting high aluminium steel, an investigation was carried out to study the effect of substituting CaF 2 with B 2 O 3 on heat transfer and crystallisation behaviour of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux by employing a heat transfer simulator of mould flux and a single hot thermocouple technique. The results showed that addition of CaF 2 promoted heat transfer of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux, which was opposite to the effect of CaF 2 on heat transfer in conventional CaO–SiO 2 based mould flux. Addition of CaF 2 inhibited crystallisation of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux by lowering the start crystallisation temperature and prolonging the incubation time of crystallisation. B 2 O 3 showed similar effects to CaF 2 on heat transfer and crystallisation of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux, but its ability to promote heat transfer and suppress crystallisation was stronger than CaF 2 . Ca 3 B 2 O 6 (melting temperature 1480°C) was found as the primary crystalline phase in fluoride free CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux compared with the primary crystalline phase Ca 2 Al 3 O 6 F (melting temperature 1507°C) in fluoride bearing (20% CaF 2 ) CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".