Evaluation of B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> as replacement for CaF <sub>2</sub> in CaO–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> based mould flux
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to develop low fluoride or fluoride free CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux for casting high aluminium steel, an investigation was carried out to study the effect of substituting CaF 2 with B 2 O 3 on heat transfer and crystallisation behaviour of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux by employing a heat transfer simulator of mould flux and a single hot thermocouple technique. The results showed that addition of CaF 2 promoted heat transfer of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux, which was opposite to the effect of CaF 2 on heat transfer in conventional CaO–SiO 2 based mould flux. Addition of CaF 2 inhibited crystallisation of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux by lowering the start crystallisation temperature and prolonging the incubation time of crystallisation. B 2 O 3 showed similar effects to CaF 2 on heat transfer and crystallisation of CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux, but its ability to promote heat transfer and suppress crystallisation was stronger than CaF 2 . Ca 3 B 2 O 6 (melting temperature 1480°C) was found as the primary crystalline phase in fluoride free CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux compared with the primary crystalline phase Ca 2 Al 3 O 6 F (melting temperature 1507°C) in fluoride bearing (20% CaF 2 ) CaO–Al 2 O 3 based mould flux.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it