Choice, Interrupted: Travel and Inequality of Access to Abortion Services since the 1960s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Travel is one of many extra-legal barriers that restrict access to abortion services. Paradoxically, women travel at the international, domestic, and local levels to circumvent legal and/or extra-legal barriers to access. Through an examination of four specific Canadian responses to inequality of access to abortion services relative to shifts in the legal terrain from the 1960s onwards, the authors demonstrate that travel signifies an interruption to reproductive choice. Women went to Britain and the United States for an abortion when these countries relaxed their abortion legislation. Within Canada, women sought out the services offered by the Morgentaler Clinic in Montreal in order to avoid the abortion bureaucracy that limited their right to choose. In New Brunswick, the pro-life movement successfully lobbied hospitals to restrict abortion services, and the provincial government to deny funding for abortions performed in freestanding clinics, forcing women to travel to access abortion services. Pro-choice activists in southeastern British Columbia launched a successful campaign to protect hospital abortions, ensuring that rural women had access to abortion services within their home communities. Today, 25 years after the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the abortion law, abortion services are uneven at best and unattainable at worst in different regions of the country. Abstract: Les deplacements constituent l’un des nombreux obstacles extra-juridiques qui limitent l’acces aux services d’avortement. Paradoxalement, les femmes se deplacent a l’echelle regionale, nationale et internationale pour contourner les obstacles juridiques et/ou extra-juridiques qui restreignent leur accessibilite. En examinant quatre exemples, qui illustrent l’inegalite d’acces aux services d’avortement au Canada et les bouleversements juridiques depuis les annees 60 jusqu’a aujourd’hui, les auteures montrent que les deplacements sont un obstacle au droit a l’interruption de grossesse. Des femmes ont voyage jusqu’en Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis pour un avortement quand ces pays ont assoupli leurs lois sur l’avortement. Au Canada, les femmes ont contourne la bureaucratie du systeme medical qui limite leur droit de choisir en se rendant a la clinique privee Morgentaler, a Montreal. Au Nouveau-Brunswick, les membres du mouvement pro-vie ont reussi a convaincre les hopitaux de restreindre l’acces a l’avortement et le gouvernement provincial de refuser le remboursement des avortements pratiques dans les cliniques privees, obligeant les femmes a se deplacer ailleurs. Dans le sud-est de la Colombie-Britannique, les activistes du mouvement pro-choix ont mene avec succes une campagne pour proteger les services d’avortement a l’hopital et pour veiller a ce que les femmes des regions rurales aient acces aux services d’avortement dans leur communaute. Aujourd’hui, 25 ans apres la decision majeure de la Cour supreme du Canada abrogeant la loi qui criminalisait l’avortement au pays, l’acces aux services d’avortement est difficile dans le meilleur des cas, voire impossible dans certaines regions du pays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".