Effect of casein and propionate supply on whole body protein metabolism in lactating dairy cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of Casein (Cas) and propionate (C3) on whole body (WB) leucine (Leu) metabolism were determined in three multiparous Holstein cows, fitted with both duodenum and rumen cannulas, used in a Youden replicated square with 14-d periods. Cows were fed a grass silage-based diet estimated to supply 124.1 MJ d-1 of NEL and 1593 g d-1 of protein digested in the intestine. Cas (743 g d-1 in the duodenum) and C3 (1041 g d-1 in the rumen) infusions were tested in a factorial arrangement. For each period, on day 11, L[1–13C] leucine (4.3 mmol h-1) and on day 13, [13C] sodium bicarbonate (4.2 mmol h-1) were infused into a jugular vein. Blood samples were taken from a carotid artery to measure enrichments of 13CO2 (days 11 and 13) and of 13C[4-methyl 2-oxopentanoate] (MOP, day 11). Both Cas and C3 treatments separately increased milk protein concentration and yield, but only Cas treatments increased milk yield (18%). The overall increments in Leu irreversible loss rate (ILR) (26%), oxidation (146%), protein s...
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".