Aziz Al-Azmeh and Effie Fokas, eds., Islam in Europe: Diversity, Identity and Influence.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
0-521-67751-6), $US 85.00 hardcover (978-0-521-86011-6) O ver the past years, a great deal has been written on the subject of Islam in Europe; any new addition should be clear about what it hopes to add to what has already been said.Inevitably, there will be some repetition, but the present volume distinguishes itself in two ways.First, as stated in the introduction, the contributions to this book seek to show the complexity of Islam in Europe, to move away decisively from the idea that there is, or will even ever be, a single or dominant "European Islam."Key chapters by Jorgen Nielsen and Jocelyne Cesari convincingly establish this important point, and it is a unifying theme throughout most of the rest.Second, the focus of the empirical chapters is, for the most part, on southeastern Europe -countries like Bosnia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey -with only occasional and comparative discussion of cases like France, Britain, and the Netherlands, the reference points of much of the literature (the exception is Nielsen's extended discussion of the Danish case).Moreover, in almost all the analyses, the institution of the European Union stands in for what is meant by Europe in the title.The relation of Muslims to that context, how the image, policies, and structures of the European Union have affected them, and how the Union has developed its policies and structures with respect to them, are themes through most chapters.It is the explicit theme of Bérengère Massignon's chapter on the European Commission's regulatory policies concerning religion; she puts particular emphasis on the evolution of these policies in light of Islam's increasingly important and recognized presence in Europe.Within that general framework, the various chapters do, of course, make their particular, and in most cases quite interesting, contributions.A common feature of much of the literature on Islam in Europe is that it concentrates less on Islam as religion and more on Muslims as minorities: their fate, attitudes, actions, stories, and the orientations of non-Muslims to them.This book follows this pattern with the notable exception of Xavier Bougarel's chapter on Bosnian Islam.Here the variety of Islam in Europe is analyzed with reference to three Bosnian Muslim leaders, each of whom has a different conception of Islam, its relation
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".