Monoamines increase the excitability of spinal neurones in the neonatal rat by hyperpolarizing the threshold for action potential production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During fictive locomotion in the adult decerebrate cat, motoneurone excitability is increased by a hyperpolarization of the threshold potential at which an action potential is elicited (V(th)). This lowering of V(th) occurs at the onset of fictive locomotion, is evident for the first action potential elicited and is presumably caused by a neuromodulatory process. The present study tests the hypothesis that the monoamines serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) can hyperpolarize neuronal V(th). The neonatal rat isolated spinal cord preparation and whole-cell recording techniques were used to examine the effects of bath-applied 5-HT and NA on the V(th) of spinal ventral horn neurones. In the majority of lumbar ventral horn neurones, 5-HT (13/26) and NA (10/16) induced a hyperpolarization of V(th) ranging from -2 to -8 mV. 5-HT and NA had similar effects on V(th) for individual neurones. This hyperpolarization of V(th) was not due to a reduction of an accommodative process, and could be seen without changes in membrane potential or membrane resistance. These data reveal a previously unknown action of 5-HT and NA, hyperpolarization of V(th) of spinal neurones, a process that would facilitate both neuronal recruitment and firing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".