Effects of the novel formin INF1 on ciliogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INF1 is a novel member of the formin family of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. We previously identified a connection between INF1 expression and microtubule acetylation and more recently have found that INF1 expression induces Golgi dispersion. Given the dependence of ciliogenesis on microtubule acetylation and Golgi-dependent trafficking we wished to determine the effects of INF1 expression on cilia formation. Transient transfection was used to express a series of INF1 derivative in NIH 3T3 cells and the effects on cilia formation, cilia length and Golgi dispersion were monitored by immunofluorescence. Anti-acetylated tubulin was used to visualize cilia and anti-Giantin was used to visualize Golgi morphology. INF1 expression inhibited ciliogenesis in the majority of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, however, inhibition of ciliogenesis was not connected to INF1-induced Golgi dispersion. A minority of INF1-expressing cells did form cilia and these were greatly elongated, the longest exceeding 70mm. A series of INF1 deletion derivatives were used to show that both inhibition of cilia formation and the induction of cilia elongation were dependent upon both the FH2 and microtubule-binding domains of INF1. The effects of INF1 expression on ciliogenesis were separate from its effects on Golgi-dispersion suggesting that Golgi untethering does not always inhibit ciliogenesis. The morphology of the elongated cilia formed in INF1 expressing cells is consistent with defects in dynein function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".