Effects of the novel formin INF1 on ciliogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INF1 is a novel member of the formin family of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. We previously identified a connection between INF1 expression and microtubule acetylation and more recently have found that INF1 expression induces Golgi dispersion. Given the dependence of ciliogenesis on microtubule acetylation and Golgi-dependent trafficking we wished to determine the effects of INF1 expression on cilia formation. Transient transfection was used to express a series of INF1 derivative in NIH 3T3 cells and the effects on cilia formation, cilia length and Golgi dispersion were monitored by immunofluorescence. Anti-acetylated tubulin was used to visualize cilia and anti-Giantin was used to visualize Golgi morphology. INF1 expression inhibited ciliogenesis in the majority of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, however, inhibition of ciliogenesis was not connected to INF1-induced Golgi dispersion. A minority of INF1-expressing cells did form cilia and these were greatly elongated, the longest exceeding 70mm. A series of INF1 deletion derivatives were used to show that both inhibition of cilia formation and the induction of cilia elongation were dependent upon both the FH2 and microtubule-binding domains of INF1. The effects of INF1 expression on ciliogenesis were separate from its effects on Golgi-dispersion suggesting that Golgi untethering does not always inhibit ciliogenesis. The morphology of the elongated cilia formed in INF1 expressing cells is consistent with defects in dynein function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".