HPV prophylactic vaccines: Second-generation or first-generation vaccines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with genital cancers especially cervical cancer. United State Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has recently licensed two first-generation prophylactic vaccines ( i.e. , Gardasil and Cervarix), for control of HPV 16 and 18 infections. Both vaccines are able to generate neutralizing antibodies against major capsid protein L1 assembled as virus-like particles (VLPs). To enhance protection against other HPV genotypes, second-generation vaccines are underway. A HPV L1-based nonavalent vaccine showed is potent and safe in prevention of precancerous lesions associated with HPV types 16/18/31/33/45/52/58, as well as anogenital warts associated with HPV types 6/11. This vaccine is in the advanced stage of phase III clinical trials. Other second-generation vaccines were based on L1-pentameric subunits and also the minor capsid protein L2 that have shown to be effective in preclinical studies. The L2 protein co-assembles with the L1 protein for VLP formation increasing virion aggregation. This mini-review describes two vaccination strategies including first-generation and second-generation vaccines against HPV infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".