Degradation Kinetics and Mechanical Studies of Intumescent Coated Cotton Fabric
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, cotton fabric were prepared via coating with intumescent formulations of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), guanidine nitrate, penta erythritol (PER) and metal salts at different loading levels via ‘Pad-dry cure’ method. Thermal degradation behavior of prepared cotton derivatives was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) from ambient temperature to 700 oC. Dynamic TG analysis was used to study the thermal degradation behavior of samples at four different heating rates of 2, 5, 10 and 20 oC min-1 in air atmosphere. The treated cotton fabric decomposes at lower temperatures and produces higher amount of char yields. The degradation activation energy was calculated using Friedman, modified Coats-Redfern and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (O-F-W) iso-conversional model free methods. Tensile properties of coated fabric were found to be reduced with increase in loading of intumescent formulation but there was an abrupt increase in sample coated with intumescent and silica. With the insertion of iron (Fe) metal ion along with intumescent reduces the fabric strength due to formation of metal complexes with cotton cellulose which decreases the crosslinking. The maximum flame ratardancy of CF 12APP-Si among all cotton derivatives is suggested as the flame retardancy directly proportional to char yield (22 % at 650 oC) that is highest and inversely proportional to MMLR value (8.3 % min-1), that is least among all samples. Based on thermal and kinetic studies, the optimum concentration of flame retardant is worked out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".