Cyst‐theca relationship of a new dinoflagellate with a spiny round brown cyst,<i><scp>P</scp>rotoperidinium lewisiae</i>sp. nov., and its comparison to the cyst of<i><scp>O</scp>blea acanthocysta</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Round spiny brown cysts with apiculocavate processes were isolated from sediments ofLakeSaroma,Japan,ChangleHarbor,EastChinaSea,China,JinzhouHarbor,BohaiSea,China, andSanPedroHarbor,California,USA. Superficially similar round spiny brown cysts of the species,Oblea acanthocystawere, for comparison, restudied through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by sequencing of small subunit (SSU)and large subunit (LSU) rDNAobtained through a single cyst fromLakeSaroma. These morphological measurements andSEMobservations showed that the new cysts can be discriminated fromO. acanthocystaby the archeopyle, number of processes, shape of process bases and its apiculocavate processes.Based onLSUsequences, the most closely related species wasProtoperidinium monovelum, for which no cyst stage has been described so far. However, the thecal morphology of the specimens found in this study differed fromP. monovelumin details of the sulcal plates and shape of apical pore and 2a plate. We therefore describeProtoperidinium lewisiaesp. nov., which can be found in estuarine subtropical to temperate waters of thePacificOcean.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".