Quantitative variation for metabolic traits among brook trout populations inhabiting different environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ecologically relevant traits can change over short time scales if they vary among populations and if they are heritable. Comparisons of quantitative variation for phenotypic characters and molecular traits can be used to indicate whether phenotypic traits are under directional or stabilizing selection, or are changing as a result of drift. Many studies have shown that population differentiation in life history and morphological traits differ from null expectations, suggesting the action of diversifying selection. Very few studies have examined quantitative variation for metabolic traits. In this study, we examine variation for enzymatic activities in 181 brook trout inhabiting different environments (rivers, streams and lakes). Different environments may exert different selective pressures in fish locomotor performance and in underlying metabolic pathways. Our objectives were to determine (1) if metabolic traits of whole axial muscle exhibited variation among closely located populations of brook trout exploiting different habitats and (2) assess if these divergences could be associated with genetic structure. No significant differences were found in citrate synthase, cytochrome oxidase ( CCO ), pyruvate kinase ( PK ), amino acid transferase ( AAT ) activities among fish from different habitats but sampling location had a significant effect on CCO , PK and AAT activities. Measures of quantitative divergence for metabolic traits were higher than population genetic divergence values for both allozymes and microsatellites revealing significant plasticity of these metabolic traits upon which selection may act.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".