Phylogeography and landscape genetics of the Flammulated Owl: Evolutionary history reconstruction and metapopulation dynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taxa occur across ever changing landscapes on different spatial and temporal scales. Choosing the appropriate scale for collecting data and drawing inferences is critical for understanding the history of a species and its populations. Here, I describe research in which I investigated phylogenetic patterns and population genetics for Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) representing 14 localities from throughout the species' distribution, and compared regional landscape features with the distribution of genetic diversity. This small, insectivorous owl migratory (Family Strigidae) breeds in western conifer and deciduous dry forests of the mountains from southern Mexico to British Columbia. Sedentary populations are found in the southern Sierras of Mexico within the Transvolcanic Belt whereas all other populations are presumed to be migratory. Among all sampled localities, one population from northeastern Mexico showed genetic differentiation and reduced gene flow from all others. High levels of gene flow among all other populations confirm anecdotal evidence of significant natal dispersal. The only sedentary population (southwestern Mexico) did not exhibit separation from populations in Canada and the United States. Low genetic variation in that locality is likely due to a recent expansion from the north or a prolonged genetic bottleneck. Several localities throughout the distribution showed high levels of genetic diversity, frequently combined with large proportions of private haplotypes, indicating long-term population stability. Previously uncovered palaeoecological evidence of flora associated with Flammulated Owl habitat in the southern and northern Rocky Mountains is consistent with the high levels of genetic diversity recovered for owls in this region. On a landscape genetic level, current measures of population sizes, territory density estimates obtained in the field, and habitat suitability averages calculated from ecological niche modeling were good predictors of nucleotide diversity. A patch proximity metric showed a very strong positive relationship with current population sizes in the absence of genetic variables. The results indicated that metapopulation dynamics among habitat patches of various sizes, habitat quality, and population densities are important in shaping genetic diversity and distributions in this species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".