Mild cognitive impairment and self reported exacerbation rate in patients with COPD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) and Dementia normally present between the ages of 40 and 65. Co-morbidities associated with COPD may also predispose the onset of dementia. This audit was undertaken to determine the degree of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients presenting to the COPD Outreach Department when compared to age matched norms using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool (MoCA: range 0-30: <26 abnormal) and to determine the relationship with other standard outcome measures. An audit (n=66) was undertaken; included: 23M, 32F; excluded: depression n=7; legally blind n=1; refused n=3. Results were compared to age matched norms by calculating the Z-Score. Descriptive and correlation analysis (Spearman's Rank), were used. A linear regression analysis was undertaken to identify the independence of relationships to the MoCA. Average age [72 (±8)], COPD GOLD stage (mode III), self reported (SR) exacerbation rate [3 (±2)] and smoke pack years [53 (±40)]were calculated. The average school leaving (SL) age was 14 (±3)] and 45% reported anxiety or depression (32.5% undiagnosed). The average MoCA+1 [for <12 years education) was 21.6 (±4.1)] with an average Z-score of -0.191 (± 0.9). A linear regression analysis taking SR exacerbations, SL age and patient reported anxiety explained 39% of the variation in the Z-Score (p=<0.0005). Age (SL) (Beta.456,p=001) explained 25% and SR exacerbation rate (Beta -0.304. p=0.026) explained 8% of the variation. Stage of disease, CAT or mMRC showed no relationship. When compared to reported age matched norms, patients with COPD scored worse on the MoCA. A lower Z-score on the MoCA is independently associated with exacerbation rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".