Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper first takes a regional approach, investigating the trade strategy of seven other Canadian provinces along with China's major trade partners (the US, the EU and Australia).It also studies New Zealand as its economic structure is similar to Nova Scotia's and it has been successful in expanding trade with China.My research indicates that all other jurisdictions have experienced substantial growth in trading with China over the past decade.All jurisdictions are targeting China for foreign direct investment and its growing middle class for exporting opportunities.They are building their China capabilities and developing relationships with Chinese governments, businesses and communities to expand trade.They are taking a regional approach to enter the Chinese market and some of them are marketing their unique value propositions to China through consistent branding.There is still much room to grow, as current trade is primarily concentrating on exchanging China's goods with raw materials and natural resources from its trade partners. Nova Scotia's Recent Trade PerformanceUnfortunately, Nova Scotia has not fully participated in international trade.Only 1 in 34 Nova Scotia firms export, compared to 1 in 23 for the Canadian average.12 Despite Nova Scotia's proximity to the US Eastern Seaboard and its gateway role for European markets, its international export share of GDP is one of the lowest among the Canadian provinces.The number of merchandise exporters in Nova Scotia has also fallen significantly in the last two decades, from 819 in 1999 to just 670 in 2010.13 Nova Scotia's domestic market is also shrinking due to an aging population combined with its younger population heading to western Canada to find well-paying jobs.In a recent interview with the Chronicle Herald, Ann Janega, Vice President of Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters, Nova Scotia Division, mentioned that only 3% of Nova Scotia firms export goods.14 According to the State of Trade 2012 report, Nova Scotia's international merchandise exports fell by 14.3 per cent in 2012, the weakest performance among all Canadian provinces and territories.15 The main export products included rubber products (including tires), and fish and seafood products, which account for half of all Nova Scotia's merchandise exports.Due to the recent global economic recession, Nova Scotia's exports to developed economies decreased by 17 per cent.Even though this group still receives the majority of Nova Scotia's exports, its share has decreased from 93 per cent in 2002 to 85 per cent in 2012.Nova Scotia's exports to the US also declined by 16 per cent in 2012, and those to 2011 Sinopec $2,100 100% Daylight Energy Energy 2012 CNPC $670 40% Athabasca Oil Sands Energy 2012 Jilin Jien Nickel $100 100% Goldbrook Ventures Metals
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".