HIGH POWER RESISTANCE EXERCISE OVERREACHING DOES NOT EFFECT TESTOSTERONE AND CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adam J. Sterczala1, Andrew C. Fry1, Loren Z.F. Chiu2, Brian K. Schilling3 & Lawrence W. Weiss3 FACSM 1University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 2University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 3University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee Overreaching is a lesser form of overtraining, which results in similar performance decrements, but a shorter recovery time. Resistance exercise overreaching protocols have routinely demonstrated performance decrements, however the effects on hormonal measures have differed, depending on the protocol used. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of a high power, high volume, moderate intensity resistance exercise protocol on performance and hormonal measures. METHODS: Seventeen resistance-trained men (n=17; X±SD; age=22.8±3.3 yrs), were assigned to three groups, control (CON, n=6), overreaching-supplement (SUP, n=8) and overreaching-placebo (PL: n=3) as part of a larger study evaluating the effects of a nutritional supplement on overreaching. All subjects completed four resistance exercise bouts consisting three sets of five repetitions of speed squats using 70% 1RM. In the third week, the CON trained twice more with the same protocol, while SUP and PL trained twice per day for 7.5 days, performing ten sets of five repetitions using 70% 1RM. Subjects were instructed to perform all repetitions with maximal velocity. Blood samples were taken at baseline (T1), before the third week (T2), after the third week (T4) and following a one-week recovery period (T4). Commercially available ELISAs were used to measure serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations. A barbell-attached dynamometer was used to determine back squat mean power and barbell velocity at 70% 1RM. RESULTS: CON demonstrated no changes in mean back squat power or velocity at any time point. In contrast, significant differences in barbell velocity and power were observed in SUP and PL at T3. Performance measures returned to T1 values by T4. Despite these performance decrements, no significant changes were observed in testosterone, cortisol or the testosterone/cortisol ratio. Aside from attenuated performance, changes in nocturnal catecholamine release, β2 adrenergic receptor content, and psychological variables suggest that subjects in the SUP and PL groups experienced overreaching. CONCLUSION: The overreached subjects demonstrated significant performance decrements in the absence of hormonal changes. Consequently, the results of this investigation suggest that testosterone, cortisol and the testosterone/cortisol ratio may not be valid measures for diagnosis of resistance exercise overreaching.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".