The mouse phosphatidylethanolamine <i>N</i> ‐methyltransferase is regulated transcriptionally during hepatic perinatal development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the predominant phospholipid in mammalian plasma lipoproteins and cellular membranes. A liver‐specific pathway for PC biosynthesis is catalyzed by phosphatidylethanolamine N ‐methyltransferase (PEMT). We have found using quantitative polymerase chain reaction that PEMT mRNA increases in the liver by 96‐fold during the perinatal period in mice. To determine regions within the Pemt promoter which are important for gene activation, we prepared sections of the Pemt promoter upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. Our preliminary data suggests that activation elements may exist between −471 and −371bp (relative to the transcriptional start site). This section of the Pemt promoter (−471 to −371bp) also binds nuclear factors from perinatal mouse liver nuclear extract as determined by electromobility shift assays (EMSA). We have identified, within this region, a conserved putative binding site (GC box) for a member of the Sp family of transcription factors. An oligonucleotide containing a GC box competed out the formation of a nuclear protein‐ Pemt promoter complex by EMSA. Furthermore, mutation of the GC box but not another region within the oligonucleotide eliminated this effect. These experiments suggest that a GC‐rich element may regulate the perinatal expression of the mouse Pemt gene. Supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the National Science and Engineering Research Council and the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".