Preparation of graphite by thermal annealing of polyacrylamide precursor for adsorption of Cs(I) and Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present work, graphite nanostructures are prepared by thermolysis of a prepared polyacrylamide gel. The gel was prepared by radical chain polymerization and the synthesis of the nanostructures was done by step annealing at different temperatures. The structural of the prepared materials was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of carboxylic and phenolic functional groups on the graphite surface was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the effect of equilibration time, initial metal cation concentration, and solution pH for the removal of Cs(I) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data of Cs(I) adsorption was found to be well fitted with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The obtained isotherm data were correlated with the Langumir and Freundlich isotherm models. The effect of temperature on the equilibrium distribution values was utilized to evaluate the change in the standard thermodynamic quantities of enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".