Secondary contact followed by gene flow between divergent mitochondrial lineages of a widespread Neotropical songbird (<i>Zonotrichia capensis</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding how genetic and phenotypic differences that arise in geographically isolated populations influence the outcome of secondary contact advances our knowledge of speciation. In the present study, we investigate the secondary contact between divergent lineages of a widespread Neotropical songbird, the Rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis). Zonotrichia capensis is morphologically and behaviourally diverse, and shows a pattern of lineage diversification produced by a Pleistocene expansion and colonization of South America from a probable Central American origin. Consistent with previous results, we find three lineages throughout the species range, showing between 1.5% and 2.5% divergence in mitochondrial control region sequences. These lineages come into secondary contact in the Dominican Republic, La Paz (Bolivia), and North-eastern Argentina. We use DNA microsatellite data to study a broad secondary contact zone in North-eastern Argentina, finding that Bayesian clustering analyses do not assign individuals to their respective mitochondrial lineages. Overall, we did not observe nuclear genetic discontinuities in the study area. We conclude that, if genetic, morphological, and/or cultural differences accumulated among lineages during isolation, they were insufficient to prevent gene flow after secondary contact.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".