Endogenous IFN-? and IL-18 production directly limit induction of type?2 immunityin vivo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allergic diseases are associated with excessive type 2 immunity, yet the endogenous controls - if any - responsible for limiting induction of such responses remain unclear. Using IL-12-deficient mice, we recently showed that endogenous IL-12 is not essential for preventing development of allergic responses. Here, we examine the roles of endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-18 production in limiting the occurrence and severity of type 2 immunity. Lack of endogenous IFN-gamma synthesis results in significantly higher type 2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) and chemokine (TARC) production following exogenous antigen exposure. Thus, IFN-gamma, but not IL-12, is a key negative regulator of the type 2 immune response. IL-18, in addition to its established role as an inducer of IFN-gamma, also negatively regulates CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-4 synthesis via an IFN-gamma-independent mechanism, thereby further limiting the development of type 2 immune responses. Together, these results identify endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-18 as potent, independent, negative regulators of the development of type 2 immunity to ubiquitous environmental antigens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".