Insecticidal and feeding deterrent activities of essential oils in the cabbage looper, <i>Trichoplusia ni</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ten essential oils were tested against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni larvae for contact, residual and fumigant toxicities and feeding deterrent effects. Against third instar T. ni , Syzygium aromaticum (LD 50 = 47.8 μ g/larva), Thymus vulgaris (LD 50 = 52.0 μ g/larva) (the two positive controls) and Cinnamomum glanduliferum (LD 50 = 76.0 μ g/larva) were the most toxic via topical application. Litsea pungens (LD 50 = 87.1 μ g/larva), Ilex purpurea (LD 50 = 94.0 μ g/larva), Cinnamomum cassia (LD 50 = 101.5 μ g/larva) and Litsea cubeba (LD 50 = 112.4 μ g/larva) oils were equitoxic. Thymus vulgaris (LC 50 = 4.8 mg/ml) and S. aromaticum (LC 50 = 6.0 mg/ml) oils were the most toxic in residual bioassays. Cymbopogon citratus (LC 50 = 7.7 mg/ml) and C. cassia (LC 50 = 8.5 mg/ml) oils were equitoxic followed by Cymbopogon nardus (LC 50 = 10.1 mg/ml) in this bioassay. The remaining five oils showed little or no residual effects. In a fumigation bioassay, L. cubeba (LC 50 = 16.5 μ l/l) and I. purpurea (LC 50 = 22.2 μ l/l) oils were the most toxic. Cinnamomum glanduliferum (LC 50 = 29.7 μ l/l) and Sabina vulgaris (LC 50 = 31.2 μ l/l) oils were equitoxic. Interestingly, S. aromaticum did not exhibit any fumigant toxicity. Cymbopogon citratus , C. nardus and C. cassia strongly deterred feeding by third instar T. ni (DC 50 s = 26.9, 33.8 and 39.6 μ g/cm 2 , respectively) in a leaf disc choice bioassay. The different responses of T. ni larvae to the oils in different bioassays suggest that these essential oils exhibit different modes of action. Based on their comparable efficacy with essential oils already used as active ingredients in many commercial insecticides (i.e. clove oil and thyme oil), some of these essential oils may have potential as botanical insecticides against T. ni.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".