Jitter model of direct digital synthesis clock generators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) has become a popular technique for synthesis of very accurate clocks. For example, in Digital Television (DTV) an audio data stream must be inserted into a video data stream, which implies that we must synchronize the audio clock with the video clock. According to the digital audio standard, the audio clock frequency is 5,6448 MHz and with PAL digital television standard, the video clock frequency is 35.46895 MHz. In this case, the division ratio is 112896/709379. Other division ratios are required with other DTV standards such as NTSC, SECAM or HDTV, and with other digital audio standard frequencies. This paper outlines a jitter model applicable to direct digital synthesis (DDS) clock generators. It is based on a Fourier analysis of the output signal when the DDS is corrupted by the most common error sources. This model is applicable to the design of DDS subject to stringent jitter constraints.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".