Subannual Erosion and Retreat of Cohesive Till Bluffs, McNab's Island, Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The roles of variable geotechnical properties and meteorologic and oceanographic conditions in contributing to the subannual variance in erosion, failure and retreat of cohesive till bluffs have been investigated by comparison of results of 18 months of observations and measurements of bluff erosion, retreat, water content and shear strength with wind speed and direction, water level, wave height, precipitation and temperature. Shear strength of the unconsolidated cohesive till inversely depends on water content which is correlated to erosion and may be increased by precipitation and spray. In stepwise multiple regression, high winds from the direction of longest fetch, high water levels and high precipitation all significantly contribute to erosion. Failures and maximum rates of erosion tend to occur during storms when shear strength (resisting force) is low, and wave activity superimposed on elevated water levels results in increased incident energy (assailing force) at the bluff toe and over till exposures in the foreshore. The assailing and resisting forces are thus inversely related during storms such that thresholds of erosion can be easily exceeded. Erosion occurs at the bluff toe in response to both decreased resisting force and increased assailing force but, at the upper bluff edge, failures and retreat occur mainly due to decreased resisting force with only indirect impacts from increased wave activity. The relative importance of till properties and storms in contributing to subannual bluff erosion and retreat is therefore variable over the bluff profile which may contribute to longer term morphologic evolution of cohesive bluffs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".