Individual and combined effects of OA-related subchondral bone alterations on proximal tibial surface stiffness: a parametric finite element modeling study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of subchondral bone in OA pathogenesis is unclear. While some OA-related changes to morphology and material properties in different bone regions have been described, the effect of these alterations on subchondral bone surface stiffness has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to characterize the individual (Objective 1) and combined (Objective 2) effects of OA-related morphological and mechanical alterations to subchondral and epiphyseal bone on surface stiffness of the proximal tibia. We developed and validated a parametric FE model of the proximal tibia using quantitative CT images of 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens and in situ macro-indentation testing. Using this validated FE model, we estimated the individual and combined roles of OA-related alterations in subchondral cortical thickness and elastic modulus, and subchondral trabecular and epiphyseal trabecular elastic moduli on local surface stiffness. A 20% increase in subchondral cortical or subchondral trabecular elastic moduli resulted in little change in stiffness (1% increase). A 20% reduction in epiphyseal trabecular elastic modulus, however, resulted in an 11% reduction in stiffness. Our parametric analysis suggests that subchondral bone stiffness is affected primarily by epiphyseal trabecular bone elastic modulus rather than subchondral cortical and trabecular morphology or mechanical properties. Our results suggest that observed OA-related alterations to epiphyseal trabecular bone (e.g., lower mineralization, bone volume fraction, density and elastic modulus) may contribute to OA proximal tibiae being less stiff than normal.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it