Wideband compact Vivaldi Antenna loaded with dielectric lens for millimeter-wave applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wideband Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) loaded with dielectric lens for fifth generation gigabit communication and millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging system is presented. The simulated results demonstrated that proposed antenna can be operated from 10 GHz up to 65 GHz band showing 146% fractional bandwidth. The designed antenna is considered for transmission of short time duration pulses covering 27–33 GHz frequency band. We examined time domain performance of our proposed AVA for an ultra-short 16 ps fifth derivative Gaussian pulse excitation. We found up to 11% improvement in pulse radiation efficiency for the 5thderivative Gaussian pulse excitation compared to conventional 1storder Gaussian. Moreover, gain improvement is up to 7 dB by loading half spherical dielectric lens over AVA. Further analysis is done by calculation of energy pattern and pulse fidelity factor (PFF) for both kinds of pulse excitations. Within 3-dB beamwidth of the proposed antenna PFF value is found more than 90%. The AVA with lens reduces the 3 dB energy beamwidth from ±18° to ±8° owning side lobe levels less than −20 dB. The proposed antenna is compact in size with physical dimension of 31×38 mm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".