Environmental control of seasonal reproduction in the wild and captive Eurasian Tree Sparrow (<i>Passer montanus</i>) with respect to variations in gonadal mass, histology, and sex steroids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study was undertaken on both sexes of the subtropical Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus (L., 1758)) to investigate seasonal cycles of gonadal mass, histology, and hormones in relation to various environmental factors at Shillong, India. Attempts were also made to examine whether seasonal responses differ under wild and captivity and also between the sexes. Finally, reproductive seasonality of the sparrow under subtropical conditions was compared with the patterns found elsewhere in its distribution. Both sexes of the Tree Sparrow possess annual cycles of gonadal mass, histology, and steroids that follow the annual solar cycle. Increasing day length during spring stimulates gonadal growth with a corresponding increase in gonadal steroids followed by spontaneous gonadal regression leading to steroidal decline and photorefractoriness. Histomorphometric analyses of gonads revealed seasonal variations in the thickness of germinative epithelium and testicular wall, diameters of seminiferous tubules, and area of intertubular space in the males, and in the thickness of follicle wall and ratio of various follicles in the females. Although males responded in a similar fashion under wild and captivity, the responses of females deferred significantly. Thus, the Tree Sparrow exhibited sexual responses almost similar to their conspecifics at other latitudes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".