Anti‐<scp>VEGF</scp>s hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To assess the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) on bone healing (defect volume) and implant osseointegration (bone-implant contact per cent) in rat tibia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36), a unicortical defect was created in the right tibia and a titanium implant was placed in the left tibia of each rat. Rats were assigned into three groups and received either anti-vascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody, Ranibizumab or saline (control). Two weeks following surgery, rats were euthanized and bone samples were retrieved. Bone healing and osseointegration were assessed using micro-CT and histomorphometry. One-way anova followed by the Tukey's test was used for data analyses. RESULTS: The volume of the bone defects in the anti-VEGF group (2.48 ± 0.33 mm(3) ) was larger (p = 0.026) than in the controls (2.11 ± 0.36 mm(3) ) as measured by μ-CT. Bone-implant contact percent in the anti-VEGF (19.9 ± 9.4%) and Ranibizumab (21.7 ± 9.2%) groups were lower (p < 0.00) than in the control group (41.8 ± 12.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that drugs that inhibit the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (i.e. anti-VEGF) may hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".