Obstacles a la surveillance du systeme penal en pays andins: l'exemple bolivien
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A brief tour of a few penitentiaries in the Andean region of South America brings out the stark contrast between the well-equipped prisons of Canada, the United States, and Europe and the generally run-down facilities to which prisoners in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are subjected. Despite constitutional and legislative provisions in line with international law, prisoners in these countries sometimes face inhumane conditions and multiple violations of their most basic human rights. In such a context, opportunities for any real monitoring of the correctional system come up against major structural shortcomings. That being said, the work of public institutions such as the Defensor del Pueblo (Ombudsman) helps to mitigate the ongoing arbitrariness of penitentiary administration. In addition, the fact that there are constitutional tribunals and that agencies such as the Defensor del Pueblo and NGOs can seek help from international prisoners' rights bodies strengthens actual recognition of those rights. The author hopes that the implementation of national action plans will prompt the governments concerned to meet their obligations regarding prisoners' rights. Une simple visite de quelques centres p�nitentiaires de la r�gion andine convainc tout observateur de la diff�rence marquante entre la prison �quip�e que nous connaissons au Canada, aux � tats-Unis ou en Europe et celle trop souvent v�tuste que doivent supporter les personnes d�tenues de Bolivie, de Colombie, d'� quateur ou du P�rou. Malgr� l'existence d'un cadre constitutionnel et l�gislatif conforme au droit international, les prisonniers de ces pays font face � des conditions de d�tention parfois infrahumaines et subissent nombre de violations � leurs droits les plus �l�mentaires. Dans ce contexte, les possibilit�s effectives de surveillance du syst�me p�nal se heurtent � des d�ficiences structurelles importantes. Cependant, l'action d'institutions publiques telles le Defensor del Pueblo contribue � att�nuer la part d'arbitraire toujours existante dans la gestion de ces p�nitenciers. L'existence de tribunaux constitutionnels ainsi que le recours par les institutions publiques comme le Defensor del Pueblo et les organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG) � des instances internationales de protection des droits des personnes d�tenues renforce �galement la reconnaissance effective de ces meömes droits. Il est permis d'esp�rer que la mise en oeuvre de plans d'action nationaux entraõöne les � tats concern�s � s'acquitter de leurs obligations en mati�re de droits des personnes sous la responsabilit� du syst�me p�nal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".