Stabilization of the phosphatic wastes using high calcium ash in Jordan
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A significant amount of phosphatic waste and phosphatic overburden soils are stockpiled in the Al-Rusaifa area of Jordan. Research was completed on stabilizing this waste by mixing it with limy ash that was produced by the direct combustion of bituminous limestone. Doing so minimizes the environmental impact of the huge amount of phosphatic waste, and produces a product that can be used in various construction projects like earth works, pavement works, production of masonry blocks and curbstones. A variety of laboratory tests were completed to determine the suitability of the stabilized waste for these different uses. The S2 ash was produced by the direct combustion of bituminous limestone at 950 °C while the S3 ash was produced at 525 °C. Tests showed that the unconfined compressive strength of the parent phosphatic waste was raised from 1.5 kg/cm 2 to 28.8 kg/cm 2 for the S2 and to 22.4 kg/cm 2 for the S3 ash treated samples. The new results were obtained despite a decrease in the maximum dry density to 1.47 g/cm 3 when compared to 1.89 g/cm 3 of the original untreated phosphatic waste. The soaked California bearing ratio was raised from 2.4% to 120%. The tests confirmed the suitability of the stabilized waste for a variety of construction applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it